IRAK4 and autoimmune disease: It belongs to the IRAK family, which contains four serine/threonine kinases IRAK4, IRAK1, IRAK2, and IRAK-M.328 It has been demonstrated that the loss of function or deficiency of IRAK4 would increase susceptibility to pathogens, while over activation of IRAK4 is linked with some autoimmune diseases.329 Although some inhibitors have blocked kinase activity in clinical trials, they still cannot achieve the desired effect, since several reports have indicated that the nonkinase functions or scaffolding functions played more important roles than the kinase function in certain cell types.