TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: Hamelet al.132, in a retrospective cohort of 12 TNF-α and corticosteroid-refractory IBD patients (10 UC and two CD), reported that when vedolizumab used in combination with tacrolimus 9 of 12 (75%) patients avoided colectomy or IBD-related surgery at 24 weeks and 8 out of 12 (68%) continued on vedolizumab maintenance with no adverse events up to 80 weeks.