In HCC, CAFs secrete different cytokines that activate the hedgehog (C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) and 5 (CCL5) and TGF-β (CCL7 and C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL) 16) pathways in HCC cells, inducing their migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo [65]. Here, CCL5 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.