Surprisingly, activation of TORC1 via Tsc1 knockdown had no effects on cardiac arrhythmia (Figure 4D), but reduced diastolic intervals at young age (Figure 4E), which is very different from the cardiomyopathy resulted from cardiac-specific activation of INHB/activin receptor babo (Figure 2D,E). Here, CRTC1 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.