Neurodegeneration is characterized by dysfunction and loss of neurons [7], impairment of synaptic plasticity, proteinopathies, which include misfolded amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), α-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease (PD), and their aggregates [8–11], as well as progressive muscle atrophy or muscle wasting, which causes memory deficits, cognitive failures, and movement disorders [7] (Fig. 1). The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.