NOS2 and Alzheimer disease: Previous studies suggest that modulation of TNFα with small molecule inhibitors is safe and effective with the potential for long-term prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease [56], nitric oxide produced via iNOS upregulation in activated microglia can promote neurodegeneration [57], and some molecules and compounds can play a protective role by inhibiting iNOS expression in the brain of AD [57, 58].