Other pathologic and molecular tumor biomarkers, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3), and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1/IDH2) isoforms are current foci of research and have been linked to prognosis22–24. Here, EGFR is linked to neoplasm.