Post hoc analysis revealed that median serum concentrations of ATG5 were elevated in controls (45.95 ng/ml) and VAD (46.57 ng/ml) compared with AD (12.35 ng/ml), MCI (12.32 ng/ml) and MD (12.84 ng/ml) (all p < 0.01) (Fig. 1, Panel A). The gene discussed is ATG5; the disease is Alzheimer disease.