Here, we investigated the distribution and frequency of CD3+/CD8+ T-cells, regulatory T-cells, and other immune checkpoints, including PD-L1, PD-1, ICOS, LAG-3, and TIM-3, in surgically resected ESCC and also determined their prognostic value in identifying potential therapeutic targets. Here, PDCD1 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.