Furthermore, lactate induction of 3T3-L1 adipocyte browning was inhibited either by RIP140 or by silencing of PGC-1α, suggesting that modulation of the PPARγ transcriptional complex by LKU4-induced lactate facilitates browning of white adipocytes in WAT, which, in turn, inhibits diet-induced obesity in HFD mice. The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.