TNF and colitis: Additionally, Zakostelska et al. reported that oral treatment with lysate of L. casei DN-114 001 ameliorated acute DSS-induced colitis in BALB/c mice by changing the gut microbiota composition and modulating the mucosal immune system, as evidenced by an increase in Treg cells in mLN, and a decrease in TNF-a, IFN-γ, and IL-10 levels in Peyer’s patches25.