There were no differences in the mRNA levels of IL-12A and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) (Th1-driven cytokines), IL-4 and IL-5 (Th2-driven cytokines), IL-17 and IL-22 (Th17-driven cytokines), and IL-10 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) (Treg-driven cytokines) between SDB and OME patients (Table 3). Here, IL17A is linked to otitis media with effusion.