Consistent with our hypothesis that statin treatment can suppress SIV-PAH-associated inflammation, levels of BALF TGF-β at 6 months post-infection were significantly lower in both statin-treated cohorts compared to SIV-PAH+ (Fig. 3a; SIV/Statin Group 2, P < 0.0001; SIV/Statin Group 3, P < 0.0001) and SIV-PAH− controls (Fig. 3a; SIV/Statin Group 2, P = 0.006; SIV/Statin Group 3, P = 0.01). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and infection.