TNFRSF1A and TNF receptor 1-associated periodic fever syndrome: In particular, patients with tumour necrosis factor receptor associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) have a heterozygous mutation of TNFRSF1A which causes TNFR1 to fold incorrectly, activating the unfolded protein response pathway in the ER causing increased intracellular ROS, and dysregulated production of IL-1β and other pro-inflammatory cytokines resulting in autoinflammation (Simon et al, 2010; Bulua et al, 2011; Dickie et al, 2012).