PINK1 and Alzheimer disease: The prevailing evidence is that PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase protein 1) is the kinase that mediates the phosphorylation of both parkin Ser65 and ubiquitin Ser65 [30, 31], and a decrease in the levels of PINK1 in the brains of Alzheimer patients [32] has been suggested to account, at least in part, for failures in ubiquitination and, thus autophagic clearance in AD.