PNPLA3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: It is well known that the non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of rs738409 in the patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) that encodes the p.I148M (isoleucine-to-methionine substitution at residue 148) is associated with the development and progression of NAFLD, NASH and hepatocellular carcinoma.