At least 21 of them were already known in the DMD field as proteins able to discriminate between DMD patients and heathy controls in other recent studies in patients' sera.15, 16, 18, 21, 25, 26, 38, 39 Less evidence was available for the other nine proteins, namely, NES, BASP1, C4A, MAP 4, C4BPA, CFH, KRT10, RELB, and PDZK1. This evidence concerns the gene MAP4 and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.