TNF and cancer: Furthermore, the cancer-modifier cytokines were found to be involved in endometriosis (Brower, 2005) and the cytokinins are both tumor necrosis factors (Esquivel-Velázquez et al., 2015) as well as being associated with a number of gynaecological cancers (Heikkilä, Ebrahim & Lawlor, 2008; Murooka, Ward & Fish, 2005).