Although, some reports suggested higher incidence of relapse with peripheral blood rather than marrow as a source of stem cells in adults with AML autografted in CR1 [56], nowadays, the preferred stem cell source is represented by te peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) collected after consolidation therapy plus stimulation with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), in MRD negative patients. This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and acute myeloid leukemia.