MTOR and neoplasm: Figure 4A and Figure S4A showed that while the expression of PD-L1 was significantly increased in B16F10 and LL2 cell lines having constitutive expression of AKT alongside the increased phosphorylation of AKT/mTOR/p70s6k, Salmonella treatment countered these effects. In addition, the expression of cleaved caspase 3 in EL4 cells, which were co-cultured with tumor cells, was decreased (Figure 4B and Figure S4B). These results indicated that the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway played an essential role in Salmonella-regulated PD-L1 expression.