STING1 and HIV infectious disease: Other studies have revealed that HIV infection induces DC activation and maturation by various mechanisms including TLR pathways, stimulator of interferon genes (STING), and the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS) pathway and a mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS)-dependent pathway [11,12,13,14,15].