GFAP and epilepsy: A new theory has been put forward saying that genetic defects, as well as cerebral hypoperfusion are responsible for the negative consequences of epilepsy [132] One of the prominent pathological characteristics of ischemic stroke is reactive astrocytes, which then express higher glial fibrillary acidic protein and eventually trigger astroglial scar formation [133], which is the major effect on neuronal excitability [75,76].