Of note, the protective effect conferred by the lack of PARP-1 was causally linked to the antinflammatory side of PARP-1 inactivation as in pancreatic carcinogenesis the blockade of tumor progression was associated with impaired macrophage recruitment, in colorectal tumors with downregulation of the IL6-STAT3-cyclin D1 axis, and in skin tumors with reduced NF-κB signaling. Here, CCND1 is linked to neoplasm.