Comparison of CUGBP1 phosphorylation at Ser-302 in normal and DM1 muscle cells showed that phosphorylation of CUGBP1 at Ser-302 is reduced in DM1 due to a reduction of cyclin D3 [38], which binds to and activates proliferation-linked cyclin D-dependent kinases 4 and 6 [45]. This evidence concerns the gene CCND3 and myotonic dystrophy type 1.