Compared with sham-fed sucralose, ingested sucralose affected plasma GIP concentrations 10 min post-OGTT in both weight groups, but in opposite ways (Treatment × Weight Group × Time: F(18,323) = 2.55; p < 0.001): it decreased plasma GIP concentration in normal-weight participants but increased it in participants with obesity (Figure A3 in Appendix B). The gene discussed is GIP; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.