This corresponded to a PLR of 9.469 (95% CI: 5.178‐17.313), an NLR of 0.234 (95% CI: 0.154‐0.357) and a DOR of 54.864 (95% CI: 19.980‐150.66), highlighting that compared with the ctDNA assay or AFP test alone, the detection of ctDNA integrated with AFP could distinguish HCC patients from control individuals with a remarkably increased high level of accuracy (Table 2). Here, AFP is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.