G6PD and G6PD deficiency: Even though primaquine is an ideal drug for radical treatment, it can cause a severe adverse effect in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency (Howes et al., 2013), where the presence of metabolized primaquine was proposed to instigate oxidative damage, especially to the red blood cells with a compromised redox system from low G6PD (Ganesan et al., 2012).