Combined with the fact that there are currently 53 Phase I, Phase I/2, and Phase 2 clinical trials using electroporation for gene delivery to the skin and muscle, primarily to treat cancers and as vaccines57, our results here suggest that the combination of Cav-1 gene therapy and electroporation-mediated delivery could be clinically applicable to treat this otherwise refractive disease. This evidence concerns the gene CAV1 and cancer.