A three-fold increase of IL-1β mRNA (Fig. 6C) and a two-fold increase of caspase-1 mRNA (Fig. 6D) were found in IPF lung tissues (n = 9), compared to control subjects (n = 3; p < 0.0087 or p < 0.0298, respectively). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.