Changing the definition of UTI positivity to that used by PHE and the EAU standards, and using both RF and SVM algorithms, resulted in some changes to predictors, but urine cloudiness/turbidity, and the immunological markers MMP9, IL-1β and NGAL continued to be important predictors, thereby confirming their relevance in UTI diagnosis. Here, LCN2 is linked to bacterial urinary tract infection.