Therapies targeting the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) immune checkpoints have received approval across a wide range of tumor types, including NSCLC. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.