On the other hand, Helicobacter pylori induces the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2 in esophageal epithelial cells and plays a role in the inflammation associated with Barrett's esophagus and tumorigenesis in the esophagus [59]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to Barrett esophagus.