Although it is still unclear whether the upregulation of epithelial NADPH oxidases in IBD perpetuates inflammation, some models have proposed a role for Nox1 and Duox2 in facilitating dysbiosis by providing anaerobic substrates for facultative anaerobes to bloom (Winter et al., 2013; Zhu et al., 2019). The gene discussed is DUOX2; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.