A Western blot analysis confirmed that melatonin treatment alone prominently upregulated the level of Beclin 1, a key initiator of autophagy, and LC3 II, a central component of autophagosome formation, along with a two-fold increase in the expression of Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, in both glioblastoma cell lines (Fig. 8). This evidence concerns the gene BECN1 and glioblastoma.