A recent study found that abnormal expression of miR-221 regulates myocardial fibrosis by regulating multiple genes, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1, TGF- β receptor 1 and receptor 2, and ETS proto-oncogene 1 and then activating TGF-β signalling [38]. Here, MAPK8 is linked to Myocardial fibrosis.