TNF and ankylosing spondylitis: These TNF-α specific monoclonal antibodies and recombinant fusion proteins are widely used TNF-α modulators that have proven to be highly effective against a broad number of inflammatory-mediated diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis, plaque psoriasis and ankylosing spondylitis (for review see Sedger and McDermott, 2014; Monaco et al., 2015), and have been applied to neurological disorders.