Thalidomide and lenalidomide have also been shown to reduce microgliosis and NF-κB activation, motor deficits, and excitotoxicity and DA fiber loss in the striatum of PD mouse models (Palencia et al., 2015; Valera et al., 2015), supporting the potential use of IMiDs as a treatment for PD. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and Parkinson disease.