INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Based on the insulin-dependent impact of a mitochondrial uncoupler to slow obesity-associated colon cancer growth in mouse models [35], we hypothesized that the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin, which lowers both fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations, may slow obesity-associated breast and colon tumor growth through an insulin-dependent mechanism.