A better definition of this model might provide a unique opportunity for: (i) rationale antifungal therapy in CD by stratifying patients according to their immune and metabolic risk to develop a pathological Candida infection; (ii) use of IL-9 inhibitors to restore epithelial homeostasis in condition of inflammatory and dysbiotic damage; (iii) develop novel therapeutics by resorting to postbiotics that at variance from antibiotics maintain gut health in accordance with the local microbiota. Here, IL9 is linked to candidiasis.