Given the crucial role of alloreactive NK cells in mediating safe and durable anti-tumor immunity in patients receiving KIR/HLA-C-mismatched transplantation, different strategies, including miRNA targeting the expression of HLA-C-specific KIRs (i.e., KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2/L3) (96) or therapeutic antibody blocking these inhibitory KIRs (lirilumab) for HLA-C, were generated to simulate the mechanism of “missing self” condition. The gene discussed is HLA-C; the disease is neoplasm.