The role of CTIP2 was further confirmed by Desplats et al. (2013) who analyzed the expression of CTIP2 in postmortem brain tissue of HIV-1 infected patients with HIV-1 encephalitis (HIV-1 DNA and RNA positive) and HIV-1 positive patients with latent HIV-1 (HIV-1 DNA positive and HIV-1 RNA negative) and no detectable HIV-1 (HIV-1 DNA negative) in the CNS. This evidence concerns the gene BCL11B and viral encephalitis.