Ma et al. (2015) found that safflower yellow (SY) from Carthamus tinctorius L. (Asteraceae) could inhibit the activation of the GSK-3 and GSK-5 signaling pathways in AD model rats, thereby inhibiting the morphological changes in neurons and the hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein caused by Aβ1-42 and significantly reducing the learning and memory impairment mediated by Aβ1-42 in the hippocampus of model rats. This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and Alzheimer disease.