CD274 and rectal cancer: Changes in serum PD‐L1 levels may be an indicator of recurrence or prognosis.27 However, studies have reported an increase in serum PD‐L1 levels after radiotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma28 and chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer.29 Perioperative or peritreatment changes in serum PD‐L1 levels in patients with esophageal cancer may have a clinical significance in predicting the treatment response and/or the prognosis.