TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus: As shown in Fig. 4b, the SLE sera pre-treated withanti-IL-1 (#AF-201, R&D, Minnesota, USA), anti-IL-6or anti-TNF-α (#10395-R508, #10602-MM0N1, Sino Biological, Beijing, China) induced similar percentage of MHC-II expression in microglia as did non-pretreated SLE sera.