ADA and empyema: Further multivariate analysis (Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test: χ2 = 2.329, df = 5, P = 0.802) revealed that male (adjusted OR = 4.431, 95% CI: 1.411, 13.919), pleural ADA (>88 U/L) (adjusted OR = 3.367, 95% CI: 1.533, 7.395) and WBC (>9.52 109/L) (adjusted OR = 5.763, 95% CI: 2.473, 13.431) were significant risk factors for empyema in pleural TB, while pulmonary TB (adjusted OR = 0.155, 95% CI: 0.072, 0.336) was the protective factor for the patients (Table 3, Additional File 2).