Knockdown of PBRM1 by short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) significantly reduced p21 induction, and MDM2 induction in most cases, by p53 upon DNA damage in kidney cancer cell lines ACHN (Fig. 5a and Supplementary Fig. 5a), Caki-1 (Fig. 5b), and Ren-01 (Supplementary Fig. 5b), all of which express both wild-type PBRM1 and p53. This evidence concerns the gene PBRM1 and kidney cancer.