Our results are in agreement with previous reports that mSC administration results in decreased protein excretion in the 5/6 nephrectomy model15 and in the anti-Thy glomerulonephritis 1.1 model21, as well as in mice receiving one single dose of PAN, demonstrating a protective role of CTm in the reduction of proteinuria22. Here, HSF4 is linked to polyarteritis nodosa.