Whereas STAT3 is not described as a direct substrate, inhibition of GSK3β after stimulation with IFN-γ, IL-6, or IFN-α reduces the phosphorylation of STAT3 on Y705 (Beurel and Jope, 2008), and GSK3β modifies STAT3 phosphorylation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (Gao et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.