Although the underlying aetiology of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy remains incompletely resolved, a potential role for anti-HMGCR in its pathogenesis is suggested: muscle HMGCR expression is upregulated in anti-HMGCR positive myopathy patients [249], circulating anti-HMGCR levels correlate with CK concentration and disease activity [252], and anti-HMGCR can impair muscle regeneration and induce muscle atrophy [253]. The gene discussed is HMGCR; the disease is myopathy.