Recent advances in this field include the following: the use of metal nanoparticles, which seem to increase the therapeutic potential of VIP both in terms of target and distribution [314]; the use of modified liposomes with lipopeptides conjugated with VIP, which have demonstrated a selective recognition of VPACs and a more effective antitumor activity in a recent study with human osteosarcoma lines [315], as well as nanomicelles, tested in breast cancer [316]. The gene discussed is VIP; the disease is breast carcinoma.