However, LMP1 has been shown to upregulate CXCR4 mRNA in murine embryonic fibroblasts in an NF-κB-dependent manner [77], and in NPC cells, LMP1 is able to regulate CXCR4 activity through post-translational modification, resulting in enhanced metastatic characteristics [78]. Here, CXCR4 is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.