Moreover, mice with compound deficiency in Gadd45β (Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta) and Gadd45γ proteins, which are involved in DDR/R as well as in initiation of the type 1 helper T cell (Th1) response, showed features resembling lupus, such as antibodies against dsDNA and histones in sera, and immune complex deposits in renal glomeruli [109]. The gene discussed is GADD45B; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.